The single panel Elijah and the Prophets of Baal, finished in 1545 by the Cranach workshop led by Lucas Cranach the Younger, resonates unpleasantly with the anti-Semitism of the early Lutheran community. This article connects the panel’s allegory of community building, its installation in the first Lutherandesignated chapel in Torgau, and Martin Luther’s anti-Semitic sermon consecrating the chapel.